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| Mengenal Apa Itu Inflasi Lengkap dengan Penyebab dan Dampaknya |
The following is a complete understanding of inflation with its causes and effects.
Inflation is the general increase in the price of goods and services and occurs continuously within a certain period of time, quoted from the official website of Bank Indonesia .
Quoted from the Book of Economics for SMA/MA Class X by Sukardi , Inflation can also be interpreted as a continuous process of decreasing the value of money.
If the price increase is only seasonal, it cannot be called inflation.
So it can be said that inflation when the price increase occurs continuously and affects each other.
So what causes inflation?
Causes of Inflation
Quoted from the book Economics for SMA/MA Class X by Sri Nur Mulyani, Agus Mahjfudz and Leni Permana , there are two causes of inflation, including:
- Demand Pull Inflation
The demand for goods and services in ponds will lead to an increase in the demand for factors of production.
Increased production causes the price of production factors to also increase.
Therefore, inflation can occur due to an increase in total demand when the economy in question is in a full employment situation.
Excessive total demand will lead to changes in the price level or called demand pull infection.
- Cost Push Inflation
Increased production (input) can lead to inflation.
Therefore, the price of automatic products will also increase.
Impact Inflation
1. For owners of fixed and variable income
For people who have a fixed income, inflation will be very detrimental.
However, people who rely on profit-based income, such as entrepreneurs, do not experience losses due to inflation.
2. For savers
People will be reluctant to save if inflation occurs.
This is because the currency is declining due to inflation.
If the inflation rate is above interest, the value of money will decrease.
3. For debtors and creditors
The occurrence of inflation, will be an advantage for people who borrow money from banks (debtors).
Because when paying debts to creditors, the value of the currency will decrease compared to when borrowing.
But for people who lend money (creditors) will experience losses due to inflation.
This is because the return value is lower than when lending money.
4. For Producers
Inflation will benefit producers if the income earned is higher than the increase in production costs.
If this happens, producers will usually be encouraged to double their production.
On the other hand, if inflation causes producers to suffer losses due to rising production costs, producers are reluctant to continue their production.
Manufacturers can stop production temporarily or choose to go out of business.
5. For the National Economy
- Reduced investment
- Boost interest rate
- Encouraging speculative investors
- Causing the failure of development implementation
- Causing uncertainty in the economic situation in the future
- Causing the competitiveness of national products to decrease
- Create a balance of payments deficit
- The decline in the standard of living and welfare of the community